MENYA BYINSHI KU GAKOKO GATERA SIDA.

Imyaka irenga 40 irashize, isi yose ihanganye n’imungu imunga abamugajwe n’agakoko katagira umuti cyangwa urukingo. Mu mpera za 2021, habaruwe abarenga miliyoni 38 babana n’ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA kandi 2/3 bagaragaye mu bice bya Africa mu gihe abarenga ibihumbi 650 bazize impfu zifitanye isano n’aka gakoko.

Inkuru nziza ni uko n’ubwo itavurwa ngo ikire, uburyo bwo kwirinda no gusuzuma iyi ndwara hamwe n’uburyo bwo kuvura no kwita ku bafite indwara z’ibyuririzi bwabonetse ndetse bukaba bukomeza kugenda buvugururwa no kugezwa henshi kandi mu buryo bworoheye buri wese. Bityo, iyi ndwara n’ubwo ari akarande, ibasha kuba yakwirindwa cyangwa n’uwayanduye akaba afite icyizere cyo kubaho ubuzima buzima igihe kirekire.

• Ubundi Virus itera SIDA ni iki?
• Itandukaniro rya VIH na SIDA ni irihe?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso biranga uwanduye aka gakoko?
• Yandura ite?
• Ni bande bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyandura
• Isuzumwa ite?
• Yaba ivurwa ite?
• Ni gute wayirinda?

Soma usobanukirwe!

HIV mu ndimi z’amahanga ni Human immunodeficiency syndrome. Aka ni agakoko kibasira ubudahangarwa, ubwirinzi cyangwa abasirikare b’umubiri kakabuca intege kagatuma bananirwa kurwanya ubwandu ubwo ari bwo bwose cyangwa indwara zinjira mu mubiri cyangwa udukoko dusanzwe mu mubiri natwo tugatangira guteza ibibazo.

Aho iyi virusi ibera akaga, ifite umwihariko wo kororoka ku rugero rwo hejuru ku buryo ubudahangarwa bwacu bugeraho bukananirwa kurwanya no gusohora utwo dukoko (VIH). Ikibabaje giteye urujijo n’agahinda ni uko nta muti cyangwa urukingo byihariye biravumburirwa kurwanya iyi ndwara no kuyihashya. Iyo uyanduye biba ari twibanire kuko kugeza ubu ntibiremezwa ko iyi ndwara ishobora kuvurwa ngo ikire.

Hari abitiranya VIH na SIDA.

Nk’uko twatangiye tubivuga, agakoko iyo kamaze kwinjira mu mubiri kakazahaza abasirikare kugeza bacitse intege bakabura ikindi bakora, ni bwo umuntu atangira kugaragaza uruhurirane rw’ibimenyetso n’indwara ibyo mu gifaransa bise Syndrome d’immuno Déficience Acquise, SIDA mu mpine bikaba ari na byo bizwi na benshi.

Iyo rero nta gikozwe ngo umuntu atangizwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw’aka agakoko, umuntu wakanduye ni bwo bavuga ngo arwaye SIDA bitewe n’uko ama infections N’indwara bya hato na hato bitangira kumwibasira bisimburana, ibyo twita indwara z’ibyuririzi bigatangira kuba byinshi.

Uburyo Ikwirakwira!

Nk’izindi Virus, agakoko gatera SIDA gashobora gukwirakwizwa hagati mubantu kava kuwari waranduye, kakajya ku wundi muntu utari waranduye nawe akinjira mu mibare w’abakagendana.

Aka gakoko by’umwihariko gakwirakwira binyuzemu:

• Maraso
• Amasohoro
• Amashereka
• Ururenda rwo mu gitsina.

Ibi rero byanduza Iyo habayeho:

• Imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye hagati y’umuntu wanduye
• Gusangira ibikoresho bitobora uruhu n’umuntu wanduye
• Guhabwa amaraso yanduye
• Ubundi buryo bwanduza ariko ku kigero cyo hasi bitewe n’iterambere mu buvuzi ni uko umubyeyi yakwanduza umwana we mu gihe akimutwite, amubyara cyangwa ari no kumwonsa.

Hari abajya bazana igihuha ko gusomana nabyo bishobora kwanduza agakoko gatera SIDA ariko biragoye ndetse ntibinashoboka. Ntishobora kwandurira kandi mu guhobera, kubyinana, gusuhuzanya, mu mwuka, amazi cg kurumwa n’udukoko.

Buri wese tutitaye ku gitsina, ubwoko cyangwa imyaka ye, ashobora kuba yakwandura cyangwa yakwanduza agakoko gatera SIDA, ariko hari abafite ibyago kurusha abanda:

• Abantu bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye cyane cyane nk’ab’icuruza n’abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina ikorewe ahadasanzwe nko mu kanwa no mu kibuno.
• Abafite indwara zandurira mu mibonano Mpuzabitsina idakingiye kuko zituma mu myanya yibanga hazamo udusa n’udusebe twinshi duha amerembo yagutse virus ngo yinjire.
• Abakoresha ibiyobyabwenge n’abitera ibishinge kuko akenshi bene aba bantu basangira inshinge mu gihe babyitera bigatuma bose bamera nk’abanywanyi kuko usanga buri wese yiteye uturaso duke twa mugenzi we.

Ibimenyetso biranga umuntu wanduye bigenda bitandukana bigendeye ku ntambwe ubwandu bugezeho.

1. Ubundi kenshi Iyo ucyandura aka gakoko hagati y’icyumweru cya 2 n’icya 4, ugira Ibimenyetso bimeze nk’ibicurane bishobora no kwikiza vuba na bwangu.

Aha, umuntu ashobora kugira umuriro mwinshi, umutwe, kuribwa imikaya n’ingingo, uduheri, kubabara mu kanwa no mu muhogo, kwiruka, gutakaza ibiro, gokorora cyane no kubira ibyuya byinshi.

Ibi bimenyetso ushobora no kutabibona gusa muri kino gihe umubare w’utu dukoko wikuba ku bwinshi mu maraso, bituma iyi virus ishobora kwandura cyane kurusha ibindi bihe biba bigiye gukurikiraho.

• iki gihe, twa dukoko tuba tukiri mu mubiri no mu nsoro zera, ariko nta kimenyetso na kimwe umurwayi aba agaragaza cyangwa ubundi bwandu. Bishobora kumara imyaka myinshi yewe nta n’imiti umuntu afata.
• Iyo utu dukoko dukomeje kororoka ari na ko tunangiza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, umuntu atangira kugira ama infections cg ubwandu butandukanye ari na ko agaragaza ibimenyetso nk’ ;
• umuriro ukabije
• Umunaniro uhoraho
• kubyimba Uturandaryi
• Kwiruka
• Umusonga
• Gutakaza ibiro
• Ama infections atuma mu kanwa haza ibisa n’ibihumyo
• Uduheri twinshi.
• Guhinduka k’ubwandu aho umuntu bavuga ngo arwaye SIDA:

Iyi virus yica abasirikare b’umubiri ariko cyane cyane uturemangingo two mu bwoko bwa T twitwa CD4 dushinzwe kurinda umubiri maze tugatangira kugabanuka. Ku busanzwe, Umuntu muzima aba afite utu turemangingo turi hagati ya 500-1200. Bavuga rero ko uwanduye aka gakoko gatera SIDA arwaye SIDA, iyo umubare wa CD4 wagabanutse cyane kugera munsi ya 200.

Ibi bibaho nibura mu myaka 8-10 Kuva igihe Umuntu yanduriye iyo atisuzumishije hakiri kare ngo ahite atangizwa imiti igabanya ubukana.

Ikindi kandi ubwandu butandukanye bwaba ubuturuka kuri virusi, imiyege na bagiteri bitangira kwigabiza no gushegesha umubiri yewe twa dukoko dusanzwe twibera mu mibiri yacu tuba dushobora kuba twateza ingorane. Aha harimo indwara z’ibyuririzi nk’:

• Igituntu
• Umusonga
• Amabara ku ruhu
• Umunaniro uhoraho
• Umutwe n’umuriro bidashira
• Kanseri zitandukanye…

Muri make, HIV ni virusi cyangwa agakoko naho SIDA ni indwara gatera. Rero birashoboka ko wabana n’ubwandu bw’aka gakoko ariko nta SIDA urwaye ndetse Ukaba wanabumarana igihe kinini bitewe n’ubwirinzi bw’umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa gufata neza imiti igabanya ubukana hakiri kare. Nubwo twavuze ko umuntu ashobora kugira agakoko gatera SIDA nta SIDA arwaye umuntu wese urwaye SIDA biba bisobanuyeko we afite agakoko gatera SIDA.

Kwipimisha virus itera sida

Abantu bose kuva ku myaka 15 kugeza ku myaka 65, bakangurirwa kwisuzumisha virusi itera SIDA, harimo n’abagore bose batwite. Byongeye kandi, kwipimisha bishishikarizwa cyane abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyandura cyane cyane abasanganywe izindi ndwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuza bitsina. Mu bice byinshi by’isi, 1/3 cy’abanduye virusi itera SIDA babimenya ari uko igihe cyamaze kurenga bamaze gutakaza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri kuburyo bwigaragaza bukabije.

Virusi itera SIDA isuzumwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya laboratoire hanyuma bigakorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bimwe na bimwe.

 Ubundi nyuma yo kwandura, nibura guhera ku cyumweru cya 3 kugeza ku cya 12, umubiri utangira gukora ama antibodies aza guhangana no kwica twa dukoko; ibi babyita SEROCONVERSION.

Gupima virusi itera sida mbere ya seroconversion harebwa:

• HIV-RNA
• p24 antigen.
• Ibizamini bya PCR
• Kugenzura umubare wa twa tunyangingo twitwa CD4.

Nyuma ya kino gihe:

1. Bashobora gupima imisemburo n’ama antibodies ari gukorerwa mu mubiri

Gusuzuma no gupima “antibody” ku bana bari munsi y’amezi 18 bikunze gutanga ibisubizo bitari bya nyabyo kubera za “antibodies” bakomora ku babyeyi babo ziba zikiri mu mibiri y’abo bana.

• Cyangwa bagapima bakoresheje test rapid.

Umuyobozi ushinzwe kurwanya Sida mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC), Dr Ikuzo Basile, avuga ko kwipimisha virusi itera Sida ukoresheje igipimo cyihuse (Rapid Test) ugasanga uri muzima bitavuze ko udafite ubwandu 100%, kandi ko hakozwe imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye ugaragaza ko ari muzima ariwe wanduza kurusha uyisanganywe ufata imiti neza.

Umuntu ucyandura Virusi itera Sida yanduza ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane kuko nibwo umubiri uba ukiyimenya kandi iba yiyongera cyane, kuko umubiri uba utarayimenya neza ngo utangire guhangana na yo, ibintu bitandukanye kuri wa wundi ufata ibinini neza bigabanya ubukana kandi n’abasirikare be bahagaze neza.

Niryari uzavuga kowowe ku giti cyawe nta bwandu ufite ukoresheje TEST RAPID? Ni igihe ya test bayipimye ugasanga udafite ubwandu ariko ukaba uzi ko mu mezi atatu utigeze ukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. Icyo gihe twemeza ko nta bwandu ufite.

Ni gute wakwirinda icyi cyorezo:

• Kwifata no kwihangana

Gusa porogaramu zishishikariza kwifata no kurinda ubusugi n’ubumanzi ku bakobwa n’abahungu ntabwo bigaragara ko zigira umusaruro mwiza uhagije kandi ufatika mu kwirinda virusi itera SIDA.

• Gukoresha agakingirizo mu buryo buhoraho iteka igihe ugiye gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina utarabigirira uburenganzi, cyangwa igihe kwifata no kwihangana byanze.
• Kwisiramuza ku bagore
• Kwirinda gusangira ibikoresho bitobora uruhu.
• Gufata  imiti igabanya ubukana mu bantu babana n’ubwandu bafite abasikare CD4 COUNT ku buryo bagera nibura kuri 550 ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kubarinda kwanduza abo baryamana nabo.
• Gufata imiti irinda ubwandu bwa virus itera Sida ifatwa mu masaha 48-72 kumuntu ukeka yandujwe cyangwa wahuye n’amarason’amavangingo yo mu gitsina yanduye (Prophylaxi) mu gihe cyo gusambanywa no gufatwa ku ngufi.
• Kugeza ubu, usibye urukiri mu igeragezwa rugabanya ubukana bwa virus itera Sida 30% rwitwa RV144, nta rundi rukingo ruraboneka rwa virus itera SIDA.

UMUTI

Kugeza ubu nta muti uhari, nta rukingo rurinda virusi itera SIDA ariko hari imiti ikomeye yizewe ku kigero kinini igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA.

Iyo miti ni zidovudine, tenofovir, lamivudine na emtricitabine.

Inyungu zo kwivuza zirimo kugabanuka kw’ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA mu mubiri kuburyo bitagera aho bizahaza ubuzima ku kigero cyo kubura ubudahangarwa mu mubiri ari nacyo cyiciro byitwa ko umuntu arwaye SIDA ndetse no kugabanya ibyaho byo gupfa vuba.

Umwanditsi: Kwitonda Alfred

Editor: Cyubahiro Karangwa Verite

Main Editor:Dr NIYOYITA Bonaventure