RHESUS NI IKI?IHURIRA HE NO GUTWITA NO KUVAMO KW’INDA?

Ubundi rhesus ni iki?

Ni ikirango (antigen D) kiba ku tunyangingo dutukura (red blood cells) dushinzwe gutwara oxigene mu mubiri no gukura umwuka wanduye (carbon dioxide) mu mubiri. Mu busanzwe iyi antigen D ifite akamaro ko kuba ifasha mu gutwara ikinyabutabire cyitwa amoniya (ammonia) mu mubiri.

Iyi rhesus igaragara kuri buri bwoko bwose bwa amaraso; tugira ubwoko bune bwa amaraso A, B, AB, O iyo umuntu bapimye amaraso ye bamenya ubwoko bwa amaraso afite, bakanareba niba afite rhesus kutunyangingo dutukura. Iyo basanze iyo rhesus ihari kubwoko bwamaraso ye bongeraho ko afite rhesus (rhesus positive (+)) naho utayifite bavuga ko ntayo (rhesus negative (-)). Bivuzengo tugira A⁺, A^–, B⁺, B^–, AB⁺, AB^–, O⁺, O^– nkubwoko bwa amaraso; umuntu agira bumwe muri ubu.

Kumenya ubwoko bwamaraso bikorwa na muganga.

Ni ryari iyi rhesus iba kibazo?

Mu busanzwe kuba uyifite cg utayifite ntacyo biba bitwaye umubiri; ariko iyo habayeho kwivanga kwa amaraso afite rhesus nadafite rhesus nibwo mu mubiri havuka ikibazo kandi gikomeye. Utunyangingo dutukura dushinzwe gutwara umwuka turangirika (anemia) bityo umuntu akabura umwuka uhagije mu mubiri.

Amaraso yabantu ashobora kwivanga mu buryo bwinshi nko mu guhabwa amaraso, mu kubyara hagati y’umwana nu umubyeyi, mu gukoresha ibyuma bikata umubiri muri benshi…

Bigenda bite?

Ubundi mu busanzwe antigen umubiri uzibona nkindwara cg ikibazo iyo wo ubwawo udasanzwe uzifitemo bityo ukihutira kukirwanya ukoresha antibodies (insoro zikora uturindamubiri).

• Umuntu uri rhesus negative ntabwo aba afite iyi antigen D mu maraso bivuzengo igihe cyose mu maraso ye hazajyamo andi maraso afite rhesus (rhesus positive) umubiri uzabibona nkirwara uhite ushaka uburyo wakwirinda; muri ubwo buryo rero harimo ko umubiri ukora antibodies nyinshi cyane zo kurwanya izo antigen nizindi zisigara mu mubiri kugirango igihe za antigen zigarutse umubiri uzahite uzirwanya byihuse. Bivuzengo ayo maraso yandi ahita yangizwa.
• Umuntu uri rhesus positive aba afite antigen D mu maraso bivuzengo we yakira amaraso afite rhesus ntakibazo kuko umubiri usanganywe nubundi izo antigen ntabwo ubibona nkikibazo. Naho aya rhesus negative kuko nubundi nta antigen agira ntakibazo atera

Ibi bihuriye he no kubyara

• Ni ingenzi cyane ko umugore amenya ubwoko bwamaraso kuko iyo umugore afite amaraso afite rhesus positive nta kibazo aba azagira mu kubyara abana.
• Naho umugore ufite amaraso ya rhesus negative we abaganga bagomba kumwitaho bakanamenya ubwoko bwa amaraso y’umugabo we kuko iyo umugabo ari rhesus negative ntakibazo umugore aba azagira ariko iyo umugabo ari rhesus positive hano hafatwa izindi ngamba kuko bititaweho neza umugore yabyara umwana wa mbere ariko kubyara abandi bikazagorana cg ntibikunde.

Uko bigenda: ubundi iyo umugore atwite umugabo we ari rhesus positive haba hari amahirwe angana 50% ko ashobora kubyara umwana ufite rhesus positive cg uri rhesus negative, iyo rero atwite umwana bwa mbere ufite rhesus positive mu gihe cyo kumubyara amaraso ye yivanga nayu umubyeyi bityo mu maraso y’umubyeyi hakazamo za antigen noneho umubiri w’ umubyeyi ugatangira gukora antibodies nkuburinzi bwako kanya no mu gihe kizaza. Noneho iyo umubyeyi atwite undi mwana agira ukuntu amuha kubudahangarwa bw’umubiri we (passive immunity) muruko kubumuha rero ninaho amuhera za antibodies za kozwe mu gihe yabyaraga umwana wa mbere.Izo antibodies iyo zigeze mu mubiri w’umwana zibona amaraso ye nkafite ikibazo kubera rhesus positive amaraso ye abafite bigatuma umubiri uhita utangira kwirwanya ubwawo; antibodies zikarwana antigen zo muraso y’umwana zica twa tunyangingo dutukura kuko ariho izo antigen ziba bityo umwana akabura umwuka, umutima ugakora cyane ukananirwa, urwagashya n’umwijima bigakura cyane kubera gukora cyane, ikindi muri uko gusenya utunyangingo dutukura havamo ikinyabutabire kitwa birirubine (bilirubin) bityo umwana akarwara indwara yitwa umuhondo (jaundice) bityo ntabashe kubaho inda ikavamo.

Iyo umugore atabimenye bikomeza kubaho no mubindi bihe byo gutwita inda zikagenda zivamo.

      Umubyeyi afashwa ate?

• Umugore utwite afashwa kumenya ubwoko bw’amaraso ye
• Umubyeyi utwite ari rhesus negative ahabwa umuti witwa Rhogam (mu cyumweru cya 28 atwite na nyuma ya amasaha 2 amaze kubyara) uyu muti utuma umubiri w’umubyeyi udakora antibodies zo kurwanya iyo rhesus. Bityo ntibizatere ikibazo mu gihe azongera gusama. Utangwa buri uko umugore atwite.

Hifashishijwe:

Byanditswe na:

TUYIZERE Marie Stella, umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’ U Rwanda, ishami ry’ Ubuvuzi rusange

Editor:Dr MUTIMUKEYE Clarisse

Main Editor:Dr NIYOYITA Bonaventure