IMIHANGO KU MUKOBWA NI IKI?IZA RYARI?IJYANWA NI IKI?

Imihango ni kimwe mu bigize ubuzima bw’igitsina gore, kikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko hatabayeho izindi mpamvu yazabyara. Abahanga muby’ubuzima bemeza ko abakobwa benshi bajya mu mihango bafite imyaka 12 gusa hari abayijyamo mbere ndetse nabayijyamo nyuma y’iyo myaka akaba ariyo mpamvu bavuga ko hagati y’imyaka 10 na 15 aba ari nta kibazo kuba umukobwa yabona imihango ye ya mbere. Ibi bikaba biterwa ahanini n’ubuzima buri umwe abayemo, ibyo akora, ndetse nibyo arya umunsi k’ umunsi. Nyamara nubwo bimeze gutyo hari bamwe bayibura cyangwa bagatinda kuyibona kandi barageze mu gihe cy’uburumbuke, nukuvuga yarageze ku kigero cy’imyaka 15 cyangwa akaba yarigeze ayibona ariko nyuma akayibura.Ibi bikaba ari uburwayi bita” amenorrhea”

Kubura imihango ni ikibazo gishobora kuba icy’igihe gito cyangwa icy’igihe gihoraho bitewe no gutwita cyangwa imihindagurikire cyangwa imikoranire iri hagati y’ubwonko, imirerantanga, nyababyeyi n’inda ibyara.

Kubura imihango biri mu byiciro bibiri:

• Kubura imihango by’ibanze (primary amenorrhea): Kuba umukobwa ageze ku kigero cy’imyaka 14 atarabona imihango na rimwe cyangwa se nta kindi kimenyetso cy’ubwangavu aragira na none kandi umukobwa aba afite iki kibazo iyo ageze ku myaka 16 ibi bimenyetso byaraje ariko atarabona imihango
• kuba yarigeze kubona imihango ariko nyuma akayibura (secondary amenorrhea); kumara amezi agera kuri atatu nta mihango arabona ku muntu usanzwe agira ibihe bidahindagurika cyangwa kumara amezi agera kuri atandatu atarayibona ku muntu usanzwe agira ibihe bihindagurika

Kubura imihango nyuma yo gutwita cyangwa wonsa ntibifatwa nk’ikibazo kuko byo ni ibisanzwe mu bijyanye n’imikorere ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’umubiri w’umugore. Nyuma y’imyaka y’imyororokere habaho kubura imihango, ni ukuvuga mu gihe cy’ubwana na nyuma yo gucura.

Kubura imihango biterwa ni impamvu zitandukanye hakaba harimo

Kubura imihango by’ibanze:

• Kubura ibiranga gukura  kw’imyanya ndangagitsina (secondary sexual characherstics) ku mukobwa ugeze igihe cy’ubwangavu atarabona imihango ya mbere cyangwa umukobwa yujuje ibiranga imyanya ndangagitsina mu bwangavu harimo nko kuzana amabere, kumera insya, koroha kw’ijwi n’ibindi ariko imihango ntize ku myaka 16
• Ibibazo by’imikurire nko kuba umwana yaragize indwara z’imirire mibi ari munsi y’imyaka itanu
• Kubura kwa nyababyeyi bitewe n’ubumuga umwana yagiriye munda, inkondo y’umura cyangwa umura; ibi bibaho igihe umwana akiri kwikora mu nda ya nyina iyo hagize ibice bimwe na bimwe bitikora. Ubu bumuga nibwo nyirabayazana bw’ibyago bingana na 15% bw’ikibazo cyo kubura imihango y’ibanze
• Urukuta munda ibyara rutuma imihango idasohoka, cyangwa akaranga busugi gafunze burundu. Iyo akaranga busugi kadafunguye cyangwa kadahwitse bituma imihango idasohoka ngo ize hanze.  Ibi bivurwa hakoreshejwe kubagwa kugirango imihango ibone inzira izajya inyuramo.
• Ibibazo bijyanye n’imisemburo: imisemburo ituma umukobwa agira imihango ishobora kutikora bitewe na karande, kudakora neza kw’igice cy’ubwonko kigenzura imisemburo ya kigore, indwara z’umutima, imirire mibi, infections muri nyababyeyi, ndetse n’ibibyimba mu myanya myibarukiro.
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwoko bituma imisemburo imwe n’imwe ituma habaho imihango idakorwa neza
• Imiti imwe n’imwe ishobora gutera kubura imihango (metochlopramide, heroin, imiti ivura ibibazo byo mu mutwe, guhangayika n’ibindi)

Ibimenyetso:

• Imikurire y’imyanya ndangagitsina n’imikurire y’umubiri muri rusange hagati y’imyaka 10 na 14 idahagije
• Kubura imihango amezi atatu akurikiranye k’umuntu wigeze uyijyamo.
• Kugwingira mu gihe cy’ubwangavu (kuba mu gufi cyane ugereranije n’abandi banganya imyaka)
• Kutamera insya,cyangwa ubucakwaha, kudakura kw’amabere, kugira ubwoya bwinshi nk’ubw’abagabo
• Kuribwa mu nda mu minsi runaka buri kwezi bigaragaza ko imihango ihari ariko yabuze aho isohokera.
• Kuribwa umutwe.
• Kujya kwihagarika inshuro nyinshi ndetse no kugira inyota bisasanzwe.

Guhagarara kw’imihango cyagwa kwirenza amezi utarabona imihango (secondary amenorrhea)

• Gucura: iyo umugore agize imyaka hagati yAa 45 na 55 ntago aba yakagize imihango kuko intangangore zishoboye aba yarakoze ziba zararangije gusohoka, kuko umugore we adakora intanga ku buryo buhoraho nk’uko ku bagabo bimeze. Iyi myaka ishobora guhinduka bitewe n’igihe umugore cyangwa se umukobwa yaboneye imihango ya mbere cyangwa umubare w’inda zose yatwise.
• Gutwita cyangwa konsa: iyo umugore atwite ntabwo nyababyeyi ye iba ishobora kwitegura kwakira urusoro rwavamo undi mwana bityo bigatuma imihango idashobora kuza. Ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe cyose umugore amara atwite kingana n’amezi 9 ataba ashobora kubona imihango. Ikindi nyuma yo kubyara ashobora kumara andi mezi 2 ariko noneho iyo yonsa ashobora kugera kuri 5 cyangwa akayarenza atarabona indi mihango.
• Gufungana kw’umura (asherman syndrome) biterwa no kuva cyane mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa se gufungana kw’inkondo y’umura bishobora guterwa na infection na none bishobora guterwa no kubagwa bitakozwe neza kw’imirera ntanga
• Kudakora neza kw’igice cy’ubwonko kigenzura imikorere y’imirera ntanga bishobora guterwa n’uburwayi buri mu mubiri, ibibyimba byo mu bwonko, stress, kunanuka cyane n’imirire mibi.
• Kwiyongera ibiro cyangwa umubyibuho ukabije: ibi nabyo ni bimwe mu mpamvu zishobora gutuma umugore cyangwa umukobwa yamara igihe atabona imihango ye adatwite kandi yarigeze kuyigira
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ku kigero cyo hejuru: bitewe n’impinduka zigenda ziba mu mubiri w’umuntu iyo akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri ikabije, zishobora no gutuma habaho impinduka ku gihe umuntu yagiraga mu mihango akaba yamara amezi menshi yarayibuze.
• Kuba ukoresha uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro runaka; aho ushobora kubuhagarika ukamara igihe runaka utarabona imihango. Cyane cyane urushinge nirwo rukunze gutera kubura imihango kimwe n’agapira ko mu kuboko, uretse ko n’ikinini kirinda gusama ako kanya gishobora gutera kubura cyangwa guhagara kw’imihango mu gihe runaka.
• Kuba ari ku miti: mu gihe umugore arwaye indwara ituma afata imiti y’igihe kirekire ku buryo ageza n’igihe cyo kujya mu mihango, ashobora gutinda kuyibona bitewe n’ubwoko bw’iyo miti ndetse n’impinduka itera mu mubiri we.
• Gukoresha ubwonko ku kigero gikabije ndetse kugira umunaniro ukabije cyane cyane uwo mu mutwe (stress) nabyo bishobora gutera kubura imihango.
• Guhindura aho umuntu yabaga cyangwa guhindura imirire nabyo bigira uruhare mu kubura imihango. Ibi bikunze kugaragara ku bangavu biga baba ku mashuri cyangwa abagororwa bagira ikibazo cyo kubura imihango igihe bageze muri ubu buzima.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa mu ganga wabuze imihango?

Mu gihe ugize imyaka 15 utarabona imihango yawe ya mbere, wihutira kujya kwa muganga ukabonana n’abaganga b’inzobere mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bakareba impamvu yabiteye byaba ari ibikosorwa bigakorwa hakiri kare. Ku bantu bigeze kugira imihango ariko nyuma bakayibura amezi atatu akurikiranye akorerwa ikizamini cyo kureba niba atarasamye. Igihe ikizamini kigaragaje ko atasamye muganga abafasha kureba icyabiteye.

Ni ingenzi rero kwihutira kijya kwa muganga mu gihe ufite iki kibazo kuko bishobora guteza ibindi bibazo bikomeye biromo kubura urubyaro cyangwa se ubugumba, indwara z’umutima bitewe no kugira umusemburo wa estrogene udahagije ndetse no kugira ububabare bukabije mu kiziba k’inda.

Ese kubura imihango biravurwa?

Kubura imihango y’ibanze cyangwa se kuyibura warayigeze biravurwa bitewe n’impamvu yabiteye. Na none bitewe nuko ufite iki kibazo yifuza kubyara cyangwa atabyifuza nabyo bishingirwaho mukubivura. Niba hari imikorere mibi y’umubiri yabiteye, nihavurwa ikibitera imihango izongera igaruke. Na none guhindura imirire ndetse no kugira igihe gihagie cyo kuruhuka birafasha cyane kandi bigatuma umuntu asubira ku murongo.

Umwanditsi: IRANKUNDA Divine umunyeshuri mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi muri Kamenuza y’u Rwanda

Editor:Dr MUTIMUKEYE Clarisse

Main Editor:Dr NIYOYITA Bonaventure